21 Nov 2014

Sprint 1 - Preparing demo


After further research regarding our solar system and how planets are located in space, I started creating in Maya a scaled 3D model which will help to the next project presentation.

I used the tool available in this web site to find out the proportions, being the sun the start point: http://www.exploratorium.edu/ronh/solar_system/. I formerly wanted to make a real scale model, but soon realized it wasn't the best way, as the size of the whole solar system is enormous and many of the planets almost invisible at first sight due to its tiny size compared to others such as the Sun. Therefore, I decided to draw all the orbits as closer as possible and make the planets x20 their size, except for the sun, that had to do only x5 its size.

 There was also the question about the alignment of the planets, as the report we were handed by our mentor stated the best moment to send the probe from earth to neptune would be when planets are aligned, as their gravities help the probe to move further without wasting to much of its energy. I did some research regarding planets alignment, and found out this only occours with two or three planets at once, as it is extremely difficult that all of them align at the same time and we problably don't even want this to happen: http://sciencequestionswithchris.wordpress.com/2013/08/28/when-do-the-planets-in-our-solar-system-all-line-up/


http://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1322a/
Real planetary alignment at ESO's La Silla Observatory, Chile


  Jupiter (top), Venus (lower left), and Mercury (lower right)



My first attempt for planetary alignment


A more realistic alignment


Finally, and using this more realistic planet alocation for the mission to Neptune, I did a very simple animation to support our project presentation. It is a model representing the probe, which is following a predetermined path from Earth to succesfully reach Neptune. Check out the video on Vimeo http://vimeo.com/112485709




16 Nov 2014

Sprint 1 - My project proposal

PROPOSAL FOR THE ASTRONAUTICS SIMULATION/GAME "Mission to Neptune"


  • The main purposes will be:

  1. Keep the probe safe during its journey from Earth to Neptune (especially from meteors), following it in a spaceship. The player will be able to:
↪ control the probe’s trajectory (to avoid meteors), which will go back to its predetermined pathway after a few seconds.
↪ collect data from and land onto meteors.
➙ we could activate a pop up window when the player clicks/touches on a space object/planet with the information regarding its properties (name, object type, size, surface temperature, atmosphere, composition, orbit, spinning velocity, gravity, etc.)
➙ player should get a warning when probe is getting too far away, so he/she can go back to Neptune’s mission before is too late.

  1. Collect valuable data from Neptune (could include rings and moons) controlling the probe from the spaceship.
↪ gas, ice samples (Neptune, moons)
↪ rocky samples (moons)
↪ dust samples (rings)
↪ pictures (Neptune, rings and moons)
          ➙ we could add a list with the data to be collected from Neptune.
➙ as the probe is supposed to go straight to Neptune, data collection from moons and rings should be done with the spaceship, or maybe with a sort of mini probe that could be released from the spaceship.

  1. End of mission
↪ once the player has collected all data needed, he/she pushes an “end of mission” button. Immediately a screen from NASA pops up confirming end of mission and congratulating the player.
➙ this screen/window could show just text or a steady image (such as someone from NASA). As an alternative, it could be just a radio message.


  • Points system: In order to create a “want to play again” feeling, we could base the points system in four things:

    1. Collect all the predetermined data
      ↪ the player can end the mission without collecting everything needed, but will lose points.
  2. Timing: the quicker, the better.
  3. Data collection: the more, the better.
  4. Things that could make the game over before completing tasks due to mission failure:
↪ probe’s safety (probe has been hit by a meteor)
↪ probe’s lost (30s to find it?? before “game over”)
↪ no sample/data collected

  • Other things to be considered:

    • player will be able to choose between two different spaceships at the beginning of the simulation/game.
    • player will be able to train how to pilot a spaceship before starting.
    • every time a new sample is collected the player will see a 3D representation on his/her command board, and next to it a basic info chart.
    • after all data has been collected (and even maybe after the NASA screen) player could be able to chose having some extra time to find any other unknown materials -that we could just make up- within Neptune area or even the solar system so he/she can get some extra points.
    • player’s biometric data (body temperature, blood pressure, hydratation).
    • command board should show (for both spaceship and probe): velocity, trajectory, target, distance between both spaceship and probe, distance from origin, distance from target (AU), camera, radar or space scanners, time counter (the mission is supposed to last for 12 years), etc.
    • Gravity, atmosphere conditions, spinning velocity, etc. could be taken into account when either the spaceship or the probe are approximating any planet/moon/star/meteor - unless we make the spaceship to automatically go “autopilot” when approaching any of the mentioned above.
    • Also, some information about ground control and antennas for the success of the mission should be taken into account (see p.29 of Mission_to_Neptune_Final_Report.pdf): “Controlling the spacecraft from the ground is vital. The most important of these is to retrieve the data that the spacecraft and probe record from Neptune, without the data there is no mission. Also, if new objectives are needed to be assigned or maintenance to be performed commands need to be sent to the spacecraft. This is all achieved through the antennas located on the ground [...]”.


  • Ideas that I have discarded:

    • UFOs, space enemies or any other thing that involves shooting: we don’t want to make a space war, plus I think that would be deviating too much of the simulation former purpose - attract students to the Astronautics faculty by experiencing some “real” simulation. From my opinion, the fantasy added to the game side should be something very close to reality, but just with options for the player to choose (customization) and get into the points scheme (lose/win/win more).
    • Player going out of the spaceship: every single planet, moon or meteor has its own gravity, atmosphere conditions, etc. If we are to do something like this, we should be careful, as someone with the knowledge could think the simulation is not good enough.

10 Nov 2014

RESEARCH



My research starts with the different characteristics of the planets, moons and asteroids in our solar system, such as size, color, texture, location and others that are of interest for our project.
Starting with the centre of our solar system: the sun

SUN

Description: Star. Ball of glowing gases at the heart of our solar system. There would be no life on Earth without its heat and energy.
Composition: 92.1% Hydrogen, 7.8% Helium
Location: It is the center of our solar system
Color: incandescent orange
Texture: sunspots, solar flares, corona (outermost region)
Mean radius: 695.508 km
Volume: 1,409,272,569,059,860,000 km(99.8% of the mass of the entire solar system)
Temperature: 15 million°C (core), 5.500°C (photosphere: sun's surface), 2 million°C (corona) 
Surface gravity: 274.0 m/s2




MERCURY


Description: Terrestrial planet with a solid, cratered surface (very similar to Earth's moon). It is the smallest planet in our solar system.
Location: Closest planet to the sun at 58 million km (0.39 AU)
Color: grey
Texture: cratered surface
Orbit size around the sun: 57,909,227 km
Orbit circumference: 359,976,856 km
Average orbit velocity: 170.503 km/h
Mean radius: 2,439.7 km
Volume: 60,827,208,742 km3
Temperature: 430°C (daytime), -180°C (night)
Atmosphere constituents: Thin atmosphere mostly composed of oxigen, sodium, hydrogen, helium and potassium.
Surface gravity: 3.7 m/s2



VENUS

Description: Similar in structure and size to Earth, with an intense volcanic activity
Location: Second closest planet to the sun (108 million km or 0.72 AU)
Color: Completely covered by sulfuric acid clouds (yellowish)
Texture: Cratered and volcanic
Mean radius: 6,051.8 km
Orbit size around the sun: 108,209.475 km
Orbit circumference: 679,892,378 km
Average orbit velocity: 126.074 km/h
Volume: 928,415,345,893 km3
Temperature: 462°C
Atmosphere constituents: Thick and toxic made up of carbon dioxide and nitrogen with clouds of sulfuric acid droplets 
Surface gravity: 8.87 m/s2
Curious fact: Venus spins backwards (sun rises in the west and sets in the east)

 
EARTH

Description: Terrestrial and ocean planet (70% of surface is covered by oceans)
Location: Third planet from the Sun (at a distance of 149.60 million km (equal to 1 AU - astronomical units)
Color: Blue, green, brown
Texture: continents, oceans, clouds
Mean radius: 6.371 km
Orbit size around the sun: 149,598,262 km
Orbit circumference: 939,887.974 km 
Average orbit velocity: 107.218 km/h
Volume: 1,083,206,916,846 km3
Minimum/Maximum surface temperature: -88/58°C 
Atmosphere constituents: Nitrogen (78%), Oxigen (21%), others (1%)
Surface gravity: 9.80665 m/s2


EARTH'S MOON


Description: Earth satellite with a solid-surface. Likely formed with debris after a Mars-sized body collided with Earth.
Location: orbiting Earth at a distance of 384.000 km or 0.00257 AU
Color: grey

Texture: Cratered and pitted from impacts
Mean radius: 1737.5 km
Orbit size around Earth: 384.400 km
Orbit circumference: 2,413,402.16 km
Average orbit velocity: 3,680.5 km/h
Volume: 21,971,669,064 km3
Temperature: -233/123 °C
Atmosphere constituents: very week
Surface gravity: 1.624 m/s2


MARS

 Description: Cold desert world with seasons, weather, polar ice caps, volcanoes and canyons.
Location: Fourth planet from the sun, at a distance of 228 million km or 1.52 AU
Color: Reddish
Texture: Terrestrial planet which solid surface has been altered by volcanoes, impacts, crustal movement, and atmospheric effects such as dust storms.
Mean radius: 3,389.5 km
Orbit size around the sun: 227,943,824 km
Orbit circumference: 1,429,085,052 km
Average orbit velocity: 86,677 km/h
Volume: 163,115,609,799 km3
Temperature: -153 to +20 °C
Atmosphere constituents: Thin atmosphere made up of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and argon
Surface gravity: 3.71 m/s2
Curious fact: Mars has two moons named Phobos and Deimos


ASTEROIDS


Description: Too small to be called planets, asteroids are rocky, irregular, airless bodies that orbit our sun. 
Location: Tens of thousands are gathered in the main asteroid belt, a vast doughnut-shaped ring between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
Color: dark grey 
Texture: Cratered
Mean radius: Diverse 
Orbit size around the sun: Diverse 
Orbit circumference: Diverse
Average orbit velocity: Diverse
Volume: Diverse 
Temperature: Diverse
Atmosphere constituents: None
Surface gravity: Diverse


METEORS AND METEORITS


Description: Little chunks of rock and debris in space are called meteoroids. They become meteors - or shooting stars - when they fall through a planet's atmosphere; leaving a bright trail as they are heated to incandescence by the friction of the atmosphere. Pieces that survive the journey and hit the ground are called meteorites. 
Color: dark 
Texture: Meteorites may look very much like Earth rocks, or they may have a burned appearance. Some may have depressioned, roughened or smooth exteriors.
Mean radius: Diverse
Volume: Diverse 
Temperature: Diverse
Atmosphere constituents: None
Surface gravity: None



JUPITER

Description: The most massive planet in our solar system - with dozens of moons and an enormous magnetic field.
Jupiter is a gas-giant planet and therefore does not have a solid surface.
Location: It is the fifth planet from the sun at a distance of about 778 million km or 5.2 AU 
Color: brown, blue, orange
Texture: swirling cloud stripes
Mean radius: 69,911 km 
Orbit size around the sun: 778,340,821 km 
Orbit circumference: 4,887,595,931 km
Average orbit velocity: 47,002 km/h
Volume: 1,431,281,810,739,360 km3
Temperature: -148 °C 
Atmosphere constituents: Hydrogen, Helium
Surface gravity: 24.79 m/s2
Curious fact 1: Jupiter has 50 known moons, with an additional 17 moons awaiting confirmation of their discovery - that is a total of 67 moons.
Curious fact 2: Jupiter's Great Red Spot is a gigantic storm (bigger than Earth) that has been raging for hundreds of years.


SATURN


Description: Saturn is mostly a massive ball of hydrogen and helium adorned with thousands of beautiful ringlets (all four gas giant planets have rings - made of chunks of ice and rock - but none are as spectacular or as complicated as Saturn's)
Location: Sixth planet from the sun at a distance of about 1.4 billion km or 9.5 AU
Color: yellowish
Texture: yellow and blue stripes
Mean radius: 58,232 km
Orbit size around the sun: 1,426,666,422 km
Orbit circumference: 8,957,504,604 km
Average orbit velocity: 34,701 km/h
Volume: 827,129,915,150,897 km3
Temperature: -178 °C 
Atmosphere constituents: Hydrogen, Helium
Surface gravity: 10.4 m/s2 
Curious fact: Saturn has 53 known moons with an additional 9 moons awaiting confirmation of their discovery.


URANUS


Description: The seventh planet from the Sun is so distant that it takes 84 years to complete one orbit. Ice giant made up mostly of a hot dense fluid of "icy" materials – water, methane and ammonia – (these make 80% of the mass of the planet) above a small rocky core.
Location: 2,876,679,082 km or 19.2 AU from the sun
Color: blue (due to methane)
Texture: light/dark blue stripes
Mean radius: 25,362 km
Orbit size around the sun: 2,870,658,186 km
Orbit circumference: 18,026,802,831 km
Average orbit velocity: 24,477 km/h 
Volume: 68,334,355,695,584 km3
Temperature: -216 °C
Atmosphere constituents: hydrogen, helium and methane
Surface gravity: 8.87 m/s2
Curious fact 1: Uranus has 27 moons which are named after characters from the works of William Shakespeare and Alexander Pope.
Curious fact 2: Like Venus, Uranus has a retrograde rotation (east to west). Unlike any of the other planets, Uranus rotates on its side, which means it spins horizontally (this unique tilt is probably due to a collision with an Earth-sized object).



NEPTUNE


Description: Dark, cold and whipped by supersonic winds, Neptune is the last of the hydrogen and helium gas giants in our solar system. 
Location: More than 30 times as far from the sun as Earth,
Neptune is the eighth planet from the sun at a distance of about 4.5 billion km or 30.07 AU.
Color: bright blue (due methane + unknown component)
Texture: soft blue stripes with some bright clouds
Mean radius: 24,622 km
Orbit size around the sun: 4,498,396,441 km
Orbit circumference: 28,263,736,967 km
Average orbit velocity: 19,566 km/h
Volume: 62,525,703,987,421 km3
Temperature:  -214 °C
Atmosphere constituents: made up mostly of hydrogen, helium and methane, Neptune's atmosphere extends to great depths, gradually merging into water and other melted ices over a heavier, approximately Earth-size solid core.
Surface gravity: 11.15 m/s2
Curious fact 1: Neptune has 13 confirmed moons (and 1 more awaiting official confirmation) which are named after various sea gods and nymphs in Greek mythology.
Curious fact 2: Neptune has six rings.
Curious fact 3: The magnetic field of Neptune is about 27 times more powerful than that of Earth.
Curious fact 4: Neptune's winds can be nine times stronger than Earth's. 
Curious fact 5: Triton, Neptune's largest moon, is extremely cold - temperatures on its surface are about -235°C. Despite this deep freeze at Triton, Voyager 2 discovered geysers spewing icy material upward more than 8 kilometers (5 miles). Triton's thin atmosphere is growing warmer - although scientists do not yet know why.



DWARF PLANETS


Description:
Location:
Color:
Texture:
Mean radius:
Orbit size around the sun:
Orbit circumference:
Average orbit velocity:
Volume:
Temperature:
Atmosphere constituents:
Surface gravity:



COMETS













KUIPER BELT & OORT CLOUD
BEYOND OUR SOLAR SYSTEM